Obsah/Content: ZLV 1/2026
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 1
Obsah/Content: ZLV 1/2026
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ZLV online
Ekonomická hodnota uhlíku: parametr měnící optimální obmýtí porostů
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 1
Jan Melichar, Hana Škopková, Kateřina Mácová: Ekonomická hodnota uhlíku: parametr měnící optimální obmýtí porostů
[Economic value of carbon: a parameter changing the optimal rotation of forest stands] 1-12
[Economic value of carbon: a parameter changing the optimal rotation of forest stands] 1-12
Abstract
Sequestering carbon in forest ecosystems is an important nature-based solution for mitigating climate change. One way to assess the effectiveness of carbon uptakes in forestry is to determine the effect that the inclusion of carbon price has on the length of economic rotation period of forest stands. Whether and until when forests should be left unharvested and store carbon in living biomass and deadwood, or harvested and store carbon in harvested wood products is the issue, which is investigated in this study by computing rotation ages that consider both commercial timber and carbon prices. The optimization is carried out with an economic-ecological model that includes size-structured matrix growth model and accounts for climate effects on forest dynamics. The study concerns with uneven-aged mixed-species forests consisting of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). The data on forest initial distributions comes from the Czech National Forest Inventory. The results showed that inclusion of carbon pricing to economic criteria for determining optimal rotation ages prolongs the rotation period. An increase in the carbon prices postpones optimal harvest age and leads to higher total net carbon sinks. However, the optimal solutions are sensitive not only to the discount rate, but also to the growth conditions of forest site and future climate evolution.
Rekonstrukce průběhu extrémní povodně ze září 2024 na experimentálních povodích v Jeseníkách
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 1
Martin Adamec, Tereza Holáňová, Kateřina Jurajdová Šťastná, Stanislav Kaleta, Alena Kamínková, Irena Pavlíková, Petra Šutarová, Alexandra Trličíková, Jan Unucka, Matěj Wagner: Rekonstrukce průběhu extrémní povodně ze září 2024 na experimentálních povodích v Jeseníkách
[Reconstruction of the course of the extreme flood of september 2024 in experimental watersheds in the Jeseníky mountains] 13-24
[Reconstruction of the course of the extreme flood of september 2024 in experimental watersheds in the Jeseníky mountains] 13-24
Abstract
The presented article presents a hydrological analysis of the extreme flood in September 2024 in the experimental catchments of the Slučí, Sokolí and Suchý brook, which are right-hand tributaries of the Černá Opava River. The interruption of monitoring and morphological changes in the riverbeds in these catchments due to the destruction of water-gauging stations forced the reconstruction of the flood using mathematical models, which is generally an obvious fact for the Jeseníky region with the greater or lesser meaning. The rainfall-runoff models HYDROG, HEC-HMS, MIKE SHE, SIMWE and the hydraulic models HEC-RAS and DHI MIKE were used for this analysis. The Mnichov hydrological station on the Černá Opava was chosen as the calibration profile. The causal precipitation belongs among the absolute measured records in the stations in several locations in the Jeseníky Mountains, and the propagation of the flood further down the Opava catchment represented an absolute maximum in the measured water level and evaluated flow for some stations. The situation was not different in the catchments of the Slučí, Sokolí and Suchý brook. The analyses also included a comparison of the results of individual rainfall-runoff models and the methods they implement, e.g. SCS-CN, Horton or Green-Ampt. The simulated hydrographs show good correlation between the measured and evaluated data, with the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient not falling below 0.7, mostly due to the declining part of the flood hydrograph, when standard rainfall-runoff models are unable to simulate the slowdown of runoff due to water accumulation in inundation areas. For this and other reasons, it is appropriate to use a combination of rainfall-runoff and hydraulic models.
Zlepšuje douglaska tisolistá půdní podmínky? Srovnání humusových forem se smrkem ztepilým v jižních Čechách
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 1
Václav Trojan, Josef Gallo, Ivo Kupka: Zlepšuje douglaska tisolistá půdní podmínky? Srovnání humusových forem se smrkem ztepilým v jižních Čechách
[Does Douglas-fir improve soil conditions? A comparison of humus forms with Norway spruce in South Bohemia] 25-30
[Does Douglas-fir improve soil conditions? A comparison of humus forms with Norway spruce in South Bohemia] 25-30
Abstract
Douglas-fir is one of the most successful examples of introduction in forestry. It plays also important role in the European as well as Czech forestry for its production, site stabilization and effects on soil. Presented article compares Douglas-fir and Norway-spruce forest soils at an oakbeech acidic-Cambisol site at an altitude of 455 m above sea level; the age of both monospecific parts of the stand was 39 years. Holorganic horizons (L+F1, F2+H) were sampled quantitatively (the samples were enclosed in 25 cm × 25 cm steel frame), mineral horizons (Ah, B) only qualitatively in 5 replications under both tree species. Results showed a higher accumulation of holorganic matter (67.82 t/ha vs. 53.36 t/ha) under Douglas-fir. Under this species, soil properties (higher pH, bases content, base saturation, lower exchangeable acidity and aluminum content) were more favorable. The total and plant-available nutrient contents were more variable, but in general indicated better nutrient dynamics under Douglas-fir. For this reason, Douglas-fir can be considered as site improving species in the Norway spruce stands.
Možnosti využití letorostů lípy srdčité a morušovníku černého jako krmiva pro hospodářská zvířata a zvěř – pilotní šetření
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 1
Pavel Švagr, Vilém Podrázský, Josef Gallo, Abubakar Yahaya Tama, Petr Homolka, Jan Nedělník: Možnosti využití letorostů lípy srdčité a morušovníku černého jako krmiva pro hospodářská zvířata a zvěř – pilotní šetření
[Potential of shoots of lime tree and black mulberry as fodder for domestic animals and game – pilot study] 31-36
[Potential of shoots of lime tree and black mulberry as fodder for domestic animals and game – pilot study] 31-36
Abstract
Tree species, used in agroforestry systems, have both the environmental and economic value. They can serve, among other uses, for feeding domestic animals, and they can be also the fodder for hoofed browsing game. Twig fodder represents the shoots of woody species including foliage. It represents a traditional source in many countries. In the presented study, the basic nutrition characteristics of twig-fodder of lime tree (Tilia cordata L.) and black mulberry (Morus nigra L.), sampled in two terms (10 May and 16 August 2023) are presented. The bulk samples from 5–10 individuals of each species were formed; the samples were analyzed in specialized laboratory. The nutritional characteristics were compared with maize silage as reference fodder. Results confirmed twig-fodder as a convenient and perspective source of animal alimentation when compared to conventional fodder. At the same time, a higher nutritional value of mulberry in comparison to lime (linden) tree and seasonal changes in nutritional quality were confirmed.
Role jedle bělokoré (Abies alba Mill.) ve smíšených porostech v západních Čechách: porostní diverzita, produkční potenciál a klimatická rezilience
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 1
Jan Budínský, Michal Bledý, Stanislav Vacek, Zdeněk Vacek, Jakub Černý, Jan Cukor, Karol Tomczak, Johana Pechačová, Vojtěch Hájek, Josef Gallo: Role jedle bělokoré (Abies alba Mill.) ve smíšených porostech v západních Čechách: porostní diverzita, produkční potenciál a klimatická rezilience
[Role of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in mixed stands of Western Bohemia: stand diversity, production potential, and climate resilience] 37-49
[Role of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in mixed stands of Western Bohemia: stand diversity, production potential, and climate resilience] 37-49
Abstract
Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) represents a key forest tree species whose ecological and silvicultural importance is increasing under conditions of global climate change (GCC) in Europe. This study assessed stand structure, biodiversity, productivity, and radial growth in relation to climatic variables (air temperature and precipitation) in 109–126-year-old mixed stands of silver fir and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in the West Bohemian Uplands, Czech Republic (408–602 m a.s.l.). Stand volume in these mature mixed silver fir stands ranged from 237 m3/ha on nutrient-poor pine sites to 459 m3/ha on more fertile sites. Overall biodiversity, expressed as the comprehensive diversity index (B), ranged from 3.87 to 5.76 and increased with a higher proportion of mixed-species admixtures. Climatic fluctuations significantly influenced the radial growth of both species. Silver fir exhibited greater tolerance to variability in air temperature. Still, it was susceptible to late-spring frosts, whereas Norway spruce was negatively affected by the synergistic effects of high air temperatures and summer drought. July emerged as the most influential month for radial growth in terms of air temperature, while February was critical for precipitation. Silver fir demonstrated a stronger growth response to monthly air temperature and precipitation variations compared to Norway spruce, particularly on nutrient-poor sites. These findings confirm silver fir as a keystone species due to its shade tolerance, high ecological plasticity, and resilience to variable climatic conditions, highlighting its potential role in adaptive management of mixed forests under GCC scenarios.
Využití průběžných hlášení množství zpracovaných kůrovcových těžeb smrkového dříví pro predikci celoročních objemů
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 1
Jan Lubojacký, Adam Véle, Jakub Špoula, Miloš Knížek: Využití průběžných hlášení množství zpracovaných kůrovcových těžeb smrkového dříví pro predikci celoročních objemů
[Utilization of interim reports on processed spruce bark beetle salvage logging for prediction of annual volumes] 50-53
[Utilization of interim reports on processed spruce bark beetle salvage logging for prediction of annual volumes] 50-53
Abstract
Accurate and timely prediction of bark beetle-related timber volumes is essential for minimizing economic losses and for ensuring effective logistics management in both the forestry and wood-processing sectors. Therefore, this study focuses on analysing the predictive capacity of interim reports on salvage logging volumes to estimate the final annual impacts of bark beetle outbreaks. Based on a regression analysis of time-series data from the Czech Republic (2007–2024), we examined the relationship between mid-year and three-quarter reports and the total annual volume of bark beetle–affected timber. The results demonstrate a very strong correlation for both reporting periods. However, the analysis revealed that the relationship between mid-year and annual volumes does not correspond to a simple linear doubling; instead, it requires the application of a multiplication factor of approximately 3.1. This pattern reflects the phenology of the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) and delays in detecting infestations during the first half of the year. In contrast, three-quarter reports show high stability and align with the theoretical expectation of volume completion at the end of the year. The study confirms that interim reporting can serve as a robust tool for early prediction and strategic planning in forest management.
Obsah/Content: ZLV 4/2025
ZLV, 70, 2025, Issue 4
Obsah/Content: ZLV 4/2025
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Vývoj půdní vlhkosti v povodích pravostranných přítoků Černé Opavy v Hrubém Jeseníku
ZLV, 70, 2025, Issue 4
Vít Šrámek, Věra Fadrhonsová, Kateřina Neudertová Hellebrandová: Vývoj půdní vlhkosti v povodích pravostranných přítoků Černé Opavy v Hrubém Jeseníku
[Development of soil moisture in the catchments of right-hand tributaries of the Černá Opava river in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts.] 161-173
[Development of soil moisture in the catchments of right-hand tributaries of the Černá Opava river in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts.] 161-173
Abstract
Presented monitoring in the Hrubý Jeseník Mountains is part of a research project focused on the impact of large-scale clear-cuts carried out during the extensive bark beetle outbreak in 2015–2020 on hydrological processes in small forest catchments. During the 2022–2024 growing seasons, precipitation, soil moisture, and soil water potential were monitored in clear-cuts and Norway spruce stands. Soil moisture was the highest at the beginning of vegetation season, then declined as the evapotranspiration increased. In open areas, significantly higher soil moisture was generally measured compared to Norway spruce stands due to their relatively high interception (29–69 %) and transpiration. However, the drought stress episodes with the strongly negative soil water potential (≈ -1.5 MPa) were identified rather exceptionally and exclusively in forest stands and in upper 10 cm of mineral soil. We conclude that the loss of forest cover, which temporarily occurred because of the bark beetle outbreak, does not have a fundamental impact on the development of soil moisture – at least there is no “drying out of the landscape”. The potential issue is rather the reduction in the retention capacity of soils to absorb larger amounts of torrential rainfall due to higher water reserves in the soil in clear-cut locations and reduced interception.
Podmínění půdní biodiverzity odlišností lesního managementu na příkladu půd Krkonoš
ZLV, 70, 2025, Issue 4
Václav Tejnecký, Petra Vokurková, Jan Kopecký, Jiří Vaníček, Jakub Horák, Hana Johanis, Ondřej Drábek, Markéta Marečková: Podmínění půdní biodiverzity odlišností lesního managementu na příkladu půd Krkonoš
[Soil biodiversity reflects differences in forest management – an example of the Krkonoše Mts. Soils] 174-181
[Soil biodiversity reflects differences in forest management – an example of the Krkonoše Mts. Soils] 174-181
Abstract
Soil biodiversity reflects human impact on forest soils. It can be assumed that biodiversity will decrease with the increasing degree of soil disturbance compared to close-to-nature forests. This paper aims to compare the soil environment and soil microbial biodiversity in habitats with different degrees of disturbance within the Krkonoše National Park (KRNAP). A close-to-nature beech forest, a same-aged spruce monoculture and footpaths/roads were selected. Soil samples were taken from each area at 10 locations, based on the soil horizons present (mixture of organic horizons FH, organo-mineral A and mineral B). Basic soil characteristics were determined (organic C (Cox), active pH and base saturation). The composition of microbial communities and the reciprocal Simpson index were also determined for individual locations. Paths showed higher active pH and saturation of the sorption complex compared to forest habitats. No differences were found in the amount of Cox between habitats, apart from the FH horizon, where more Cox was determined in the near-natural stand. Prokaryotic and microeukaryotic communities are different in individual horizons and between habitats. Paths show a higher diversity of microbial populations in A horizons and B horizons showed higher numbers, even in prokaryotic microorganisms, compared to forest stands. Paths are an intrusion into the forest environment and are a significant element in the biodiversity of the forest environment of the KRNAP, most likely due to the differences in the soil environment, lower acidity and higher availability of nutrients compared to acidic and nutrient-poor forest areas.