Obsah/Content: ZLV 2/2026
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 2
Obsah/Content: ZLV 2/2026
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ZLV online
Vyhodnocení pěstování jedle bělokoré od sběru semenné suroviny po zajištěný porost v podmínkách 3. a 4. LVS
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 2
Michal Bledý, Stanislav Vacek, Zdeněk Vacek, Jan Cukor, Jakub Černý, Václav Šimůnek, Johana Pechačová, Pavel Brabec, Jan Budínský, Michal Kuběnka, Josef Gallo: Vyhodnocení pěstování jedle bělokoré od sběru semenné suroviny po zajištěný porost v podmínkách 3. a 4. LVS
[Evaluation of silver fir silviculture from seed collection to established stands under conditions of the 3rd and 4th forest vegetation zones] 55-66
[Evaluation of silver fir silviculture from seed collection to established stands under conditions of the 3rd and 4th forest vegetation zones] 55-66
Abstract
Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is a key native tree species in Central European forests, exhibiting high production capacity and ecological and adaptive potential under ongoing global climate change (GCC). This study focuses on a comprehensive evaluation of fir cultivation, from seed material collection through seed quality and planting stock performance to the economic aspects of stand establishment and securing under the conditions of the 3rd and 4th forest vegetation zones in Czechia (Central Bohemian and Plzeň regions). The results revealed pronounced interannual variability in seed purity, ranging from 5.8% (2022) to 18.9% (2024), with a mean value of approximately 14%, representing the highest values among native conifers. Seed germination capacity did not differ significantly from long-term averages during the evaluated period (46% in 2018, 52% in 2020, and 57% in 2022); however, a marked decline to 23% was observed after one year of frozen storage. The frequency of strong seed years was estimated at approximately four years. Mean absolute planting stock yield for the period 2018–2025 reached 3,262 seedlings kg-1 on substrate and 2,582 seedlings kg-1 on mineral soil. Post-planting losses over a ten-year period ranged between 10% and 15%. Economic analysis indicated that the costs of establishing and securing 1 ha of silver fir stands, including minimum planting densities, five years of follow-up management, fencing, chemical protection of plantations, one removal of undesirable tree species, and one thinning operation, amounted to 229,000–238,800 CZK/ha. The obtained results confirm the high production, ecological, and adaptive potential of silver fir as a promising species for the conversion of spruce-dominated and other monocultures and for developing structurally stable forest stands with substantial carbon sequestration potential under GCC conditions.
Vyhodnocení morfologických znaků sadebního materiálu dubu letního a dubu zimního z různých zdrojů původu
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 2
Jan Leugner, Eliška Žižková, Jakub Černý: Vyhodnocení morfologických znaků sadebního materiálu dubu letního a dubu zimního z různých zdrojů původu
[Evaluation of the morphological traits of pedunculate oak and sessile oak seedlings from different provenance sources] 67-73
[Evaluation of the morphological traits of pedunculate oak and sessile oak seedlings from different provenance sources] 67-73
Abstract
Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) are two important tree species in the ongoing conversion of Central European forests. In the initial testing series introduced in this study, we examined whether values of standard nursery quality traits differ between provenance lots and between the two oak species tested. One-year-old containerised seedlings grown from nine certified seed sources (six pedunculate oak and three sessile oak) were produced in air-cushion container trays. Seedling height and root-collar diameter were measured in accordance with the Czech Standard No. 48 2115. Volume of fresh shoots, coarse roots (>1 mm) and fine roots (<1 mm) were quantified using the xylometric method, and the root-to-shoot volume ratio and the percentage of the fine root volume from the total volume of the root system were subsequently calculated. Differences between lots and oak species were tested using one-way ANOVA, followed by Games-Howellův post-hoc test (p < 0.05). Seedling height differed significantly between the provenance lots and oak species. Sessile oak seedlings were smaller, except for the one sessile oak seedling lot (7 DBZ) that had a stem height comparable to that of pedunculate oak seedlings. Statistically significant differences were found in the morphological parameters of sessile oak and pedunculate oak seedlings. Within the pedunculate oak group, the individual provenance lots were more homogeneous. In contrast, significant differences were also observed between the individual provenance lots of sessile oak.
Bylinné patro a zmlazení dřevin v sekundárních smrčinách ovlivněných kůrovcovou gradací ve vybraných zvláště chráněných územích Beskyd
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 2
Přemysl Mácha, Tomáš Koutecký: Bylinné patro a zmlazení dřevin v sekundárních smrčinách ovlivněných kůrovcovou gradací ve vybraných zvláště chráněných územích Beskyd
[Herb layer and forest regeneration in secondary spruce forests influenced by bark beetle outbreaks in selected nature reserves in the Beskydy Mountains] 74-82
[Herb layer and forest regeneration in secondary spruce forests influenced by bark beetle outbreaks in selected nature reserves in the Beskydy Mountains] 74-82
Abstract
The impact of Norway spruce forest dieback on understory species diversity in the herb layer and spontaneous forest regeneration in nature reserves is still not sufficiently understood. This article analyzes the impact of forest dieback on several protected areas in the Moravian-Silesian Beskydy. We established 44 permanent research plots. Phytosociological relevés were taken at each plot, tree seedlings and saplings were counted, and the structure and amount of dead wood was estimated. The research did not find any statistically significant correlation between canopy disruption and species diversity and species cover in the herb layer. Plots with dead and living canopy from the same reserve were more similar than plots with live canopy from different reserves. Spontaneous forest regeneration is relatively sufficient. Norway spruce regenerates most successfully, other species are suppressed by game grazing. The amount of dead wood is high in all reserves and the structure of dead wood is very diverse. The amount of standing dead wood correlates positively with forest regeneration but lying dead wood does not prevent grazing.
Mikroklimatický účinek přípravného porostu modřínu opadavého (Larix decidua Mill.) na teplotu a vlhkost vzduchu stanoviště ve srovnání s dalšími pěstebně-ekologickými variantami obnovy lesa
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 2
Pavel Bednář, Štěpánka Řehořková: Mikroklimatický účinek přípravného porostu modřínu opadavého (Larix decidua Mill.) na teplotu a vlhkost vzduchu stanoviště ve srovnání s dalšími pěstebně-ekologickými variantami obnovy lesa
[Microclimatic effect of a preparatory forest stand of european larch (Larix decidua Mill.) on air temperature and air humidity of a forest site in comparison with other approaches to forest regeneration] 83-91
[Microclimatic effect of a preparatory forest stand of european larch (Larix decidua Mill.) on air temperature and air humidity of a forest site in comparison with other approaches to forest regeneration] 83-91
Abstract
Four different forest regeneration treatments were compared with respect to their microclimatic characteristics, based on measurements of air temperature (T) and relative humidity (Rh) at two heights (0.5 m and 2.0 m). The treatments were as follows: (A) a preparatory, closed-canopy plantation of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.); (B) a two-phase regeneration combining a sparse young plantation of European larch followed by underplanting with European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) at the sapling stage; (C) clear-felling after a large-scale disturbance with artificial regeneration of European beech at the sapling stage; and (D) regeneration by planting silver fir (Abies alba L.) at the sapling stage, utilizing side shelter from the remaining broadleaf forest belt. The results revealed a clear microclimatic effect of the young European larch plantation, particularly under a closed-canopy (treatment A), which had a significant impact on both T and Rh at the 0.5 m level. A significant effect on Rh at the 2.0 m level was also found for treatment A. Additionally, a more pronounced influence on Rh was observed under the sparse European larch plantation (treatment B) compared to the large-scale clearing (treatment C) at the 0.5 m level.
Osoba povinná k náhradě škody způsobené lesními porosty podle aktuální právní úpravy a soudní rozhodovací praxe
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 2
Hana Adamová: Osoba povinná k náhradě škody způsobené lesními porosty podle aktuální právní úpravy a soudní rozhodovací praxe
[The person liable for compensation for damage caused by forest stands under the current legal framework and case law] 92-97
[The person liable for compensation for damage caused by forest stands under the current legal framework and case law] 92-97
Abstract
This article examines the identification of the person liable for damage caused by forest stands under the current Czech legal framework and judicial practice. Its aim is to clarify how responsibility for such damage is allocated, particularly in light of the interaction between the Civil Code and special legislation, notably the Forest Act, as well as regulations governing roads and railways. The methodology is based on an analysis of relevant statutory provisions and a review of case law, with particular emphasis on decisions of the Supreme Court and selected judgments of lower courts. The article shows that the replacement of the former Civil Code by the current codification has significantly changed the legal approach, especially through liability for damage caused by a thing in itself and the modified role of the general preventive duty. It further demonstrates that special legislation may shift supervisory duties and liability, particularly at the boundaries of forest land and in areas used for transport. The analysis reveals persistent inconsistencies in judicial practice and concludes that clearer guidance from the Supreme Court is needed to enhance legal certainty in this area.
Obsah/Content: ZLV 1/2026
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 1
Obsah/Content: ZLV 1/2026
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Ekonomická hodnota uhlíku: parametr měnící optimální obmýtí porostů
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 1
Jan Melichar, Hana Škopková, Kateřina Mácová: Ekonomická hodnota uhlíku: parametr měnící optimální obmýtí porostů
[Economic value of carbon: a parameter changing the optimal rotation of forest stands] 1-12
[Economic value of carbon: a parameter changing the optimal rotation of forest stands] 1-12
Abstract
Sequestering carbon in forest ecosystems is an important nature-based solution for mitigating climate change. One way to assess the effectiveness of carbon uptakes in forestry is to determine the effect that the inclusion of carbon price has on the length of economic rotation period of forest stands. Whether and until when forests should be left unharvested and store carbon in living biomass and deadwood, or harvested and store carbon in harvested wood products is the issue, which is investigated in this study by computing rotation ages that consider both commercial timber and carbon prices. The optimization is carried out with an economic-ecological model that includes size-structured matrix growth model and accounts for climate effects on forest dynamics. The study concerns with uneven-aged mixed-species forests consisting of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). The data on forest initial distributions comes from the Czech National Forest Inventory. The results showed that inclusion of carbon pricing to economic criteria for determining optimal rotation ages prolongs the rotation period. An increase in the carbon prices postpones optimal harvest age and leads to higher total net carbon sinks. However, the optimal solutions are sensitive not only to the discount rate, but also to the growth conditions of forest site and future climate evolution.
Rekonstrukce průběhu extrémní povodně ze září 2024 na experimentálních povodích v Jeseníkách
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 1
Martin Adamec, Tereza Holáňová, Kateřina Jurajdová Šťastná, Stanislav Kaleta, Alena Kamínková, Irena Pavlíková, Petra Šutarová, Alexandra Trličíková, Jan Unucka, Matěj Wagner: Rekonstrukce průběhu extrémní povodně ze září 2024 na experimentálních povodích v Jeseníkách
[Reconstruction of the course of the extreme flood of september 2024 in experimental watersheds in the Jeseníky mountains] 13-24
[Reconstruction of the course of the extreme flood of september 2024 in experimental watersheds in the Jeseníky mountains] 13-24
Abstract
The presented article presents a hydrological analysis of the extreme flood in September 2024 in the experimental catchments of the Slučí, Sokolí and Suchý brook, which are right-hand tributaries of the Černá Opava River. The interruption of monitoring and morphological changes in the riverbeds in these catchments due to the destruction of water-gauging stations forced the reconstruction of the flood using mathematical models, which is generally an obvious fact for the Jeseníky region with the greater or lesser meaning. The rainfall-runoff models HYDROG, HEC-HMS, MIKE SHE, SIMWE and the hydraulic models HEC-RAS and DHI MIKE were used for this analysis. The Mnichov hydrological station on the Černá Opava was chosen as the calibration profile. The causal precipitation belongs among the absolute measured records in the stations in several locations in the Jeseníky Mountains, and the propagation of the flood further down the Opava catchment represented an absolute maximum in the measured water level and evaluated flow for some stations. The situation was not different in the catchments of the Slučí, Sokolí and Suchý brook. The analyses also included a comparison of the results of individual rainfall-runoff models and the methods they implement, e.g. SCS-CN, Horton or Green-Ampt. The simulated hydrographs show good correlation between the measured and evaluated data, with the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient not falling below 0.7, mostly due to the declining part of the flood hydrograph, when standard rainfall-runoff models are unable to simulate the slowdown of runoff due to water accumulation in inundation areas. For this and other reasons, it is appropriate to use a combination of rainfall-runoff and hydraulic models.
Zlepšuje douglaska tisolistá půdní podmínky? Srovnání humusových forem se smrkem ztepilým v jižních Čechách
ZLV, 71, 2026, Issue 1
Václav Trojan, Josef Gallo, Ivo Kupka: Zlepšuje douglaska tisolistá půdní podmínky? Srovnání humusových forem se smrkem ztepilým v jižních Čechách
[Does Douglas-fir improve soil conditions? A comparison of humus forms with Norway spruce in South Bohemia] 25-30
[Does Douglas-fir improve soil conditions? A comparison of humus forms with Norway spruce in South Bohemia] 25-30
Abstract
Douglas-fir is one of the most successful examples of introduction in forestry. It plays also important role in the European as well as Czech forestry for its production, site stabilization and effects on soil. Presented article compares Douglas-fir and Norway-spruce forest soils at an oakbeech acidic-Cambisol site at an altitude of 455 m above sea level; the age of both monospecific parts of the stand was 39 years. Holorganic horizons (L+F1, F2+H) were sampled quantitatively (the samples were enclosed in 25 cm × 25 cm steel frame), mineral horizons (Ah, B) only qualitatively in 5 replications under both tree species. Results showed a higher accumulation of holorganic matter (67.82 t/ha vs. 53.36 t/ha) under Douglas-fir. Under this species, soil properties (higher pH, bases content, base saturation, lower exchangeable acidity and aluminum content) were more favorable. The total and plant-available nutrient contents were more variable, but in general indicated better nutrient dynamics under Douglas-fir. For this reason, Douglas-fir can be considered as site improving species in the Norway spruce stands.