Obsah/Content: ZLV 3/2024
ZLV, 69, 2024, Číslo 3: Obsah/Content: ZLV 3/2024
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ZLV online
Změny půdní vlhkosti v různých variantách borového porostu na chudých písčitých půdách během vegetační doby
ZLV, 69, 2024, Číslo 3Ondřej Špulák: Změny půdní vlhkosti v různých variantách borového porostu na chudých písčitých půdách během vegetační doby
[Variation of soil moisture in different stand conditions of pine stand on nutrient-poor sandy soils during vegetation period] 167-178
[Variation of soil moisture in different stand conditions of pine stand on nutrient-poor sandy soils during vegetation period] 167-178
Abstrakt
Soil water is one of the fundamental conditions for the development of the forest ecosystems. Habitat conditions and forest tree composition are the basic factors influencing development of soil moisture. Tree growth and forest structure changes progress fluctuations in the hydric regime. The article evaluates development of soil moisture in different growth conditions of Scots pine stands on nutrient-poor sandy soils and defines the basic principles of these relationships. In 2018, the moisture of A horizon was measured in transects across the stands and clear-cut areas. In the period from 2018 to 2020, the vertical moisture profile was evaluated by means of dug probes under a mature stand of pine, on clearcut area without soil preparation and in the space of the mounds and furrows on clear-cut area with soil prepared for natural regeneration by ploughing. The results showed that also in these conditions the moisture in the clear-cut area was all year round higher in comparison to the mature pine stand, however, topsoil moisture under the young pine growth with closed canopy was no longer different from the moisture of mature stand. Even in dry periods, the humidity on the clear-cut area decreased with the depth in the soil. Under the mature stand, this only happened when there was a sufficient amount of water in the ecosystem. The influence of the period within the growing season was not clearly reflected in the monitored long-term course of moisture in the soil horizons.
Těžba lesního porostu ovlivňuje fenotyp živočichů: případová studie fluktuující asymetrie u střevlíka Notiophilus rufipes (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
ZLV, 69, 2024, Číslo 3Dominik Stočes, Jan Šipoš: Těžba lesního porostu ovlivňuje fenotyp živočichů: případová studie fluktuující asymetrie u střevlíka Notiophilus rufipes (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
[The effect of logging on animal phenotypes: a case study of fluctuating asymmetry of ground beetle Notiophilus rufipes (Coleoptera: Carabidae)] 179-187
[The effect of logging on animal phenotypes: a case study of fluctuating asymmetry of ground beetle Notiophilus rufipes (Coleoptera: Carabidae)] 179-187
Abstrakt
We compared the rate of variability in the size of different body parts among three different treatments created by forest management (i.e. clearing, pole-stage stand, ecotone) in the Podyji National Park (Czech Republic). In order to describe changes, we used bioindicative values of the Carabidae (Coleoptera) with the example of Notiophilus rufipes (Curtis, 1829). We conducted fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of ten important metrical traits (e.g. antennal segments, length and width of third palpomer of the labial palpus). We found that specimens have sex specific association to FA of second antennal segment. The interaction of sex and treatment negatively affects the distribution of FA in polestage stand. We revealed that males had higher level of FA in pole-stage stand than females. Ecotones are zones where individuals from diverse habitats interact. Model of FA, with set sex as random effect, have positive association to litter and negative association to Collembola. This research contributes to forest management strategies by demonstrating how human-induced interventions influence eco-evolutionary link between stress and disturbance. The research suggests that for forest management, forest openings in thermophilic oak stands could support phenotypic variation in rare epigeic species.
Hodnocení růstu jednoho druhu a dvou hybridů Paulownia spp. v nejteplejší oblasti jižní Moravy
ZLV, 69, 2024, Číslo 3Jiří Kadlec, Kateřina Novosadová, Radek Pokorný: Hodnocení růstu jednoho druhu a dvou hybridů Paulownia spp. v nejteplejší oblasti jižní Moravy
[Evaluation of the growth of one species and two hybrids of Paulownia spp. in the warmest part of South Moravia (Czech Republic)] 188-196
[Evaluation of the growth of one species and two hybrids of Paulownia spp. in the warmest part of South Moravia (Czech Republic)] 188-196
Abstrakt
The size of area of plantations of fast-growing tree species, established on agricultural land in the Czech Republic (CR), is on the rise. In order to gain saw timber, it is necessary to choose other species (example: Salix spp. and Populus spp., their resulting product is wood chips), one of which could be Paulownia spp. In 2015, an experimental plot with the species of Paulownia tomentosa and two hybrids of Paulownia Shan-Tong and Paulownia Hybrid 9501 were established in South Moravia. The plants were periodically pruned up to a height of 3 m. After six years, Paulownia Hybrid 9501 had mean height of 9.4 m and DBH of 12.8 cm, P. tomentosa 7.3 m and 10.3 cm, respectively, and P. Shan-Tong 5.2 m and 9 cm, respectively. These values are well below the average, in comparison with those declared by the sellers. The limited growth was presumably caused by less precipitation and a shorter growing season, in comparison with the climate characteristics of the humid subtropical zone in which Paulownia species originated. It appears that Paulownia Hybrid 9501 could grow in conditions similar to those in South Moravia, however, with a slower growth.
Inventarizácia invázneho druhu pajaseňa žliazkatého (Ailanthus altissima) v urbánnom prostredí – prípadová štúdia
ZLV, 69, 2024, Číslo 3Žaneta Pauková, Martin Hauptvogl: Inventarizácia invázneho druhu pajaseňa žliazkatého (Ailanthus altissima) v urbánnom prostredí – prípadová štúdia
[Inventory of the invasive species tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in an urban environment – a case study] 197-205
[Inventory of the invasive species tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in an urban environment – a case study] 197-205
Abstrakt
Tree of heaven [Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle] (family Simaroubaceae) is known as an invasive woody species in urban, rural, and natural ecosystems in many parts of the world. In Slovakia, it is accepted as an invasive species included in the list of invasive alien species of the EU concern (Regulation No. 2019/1262). In this study, the spread of the invasive neophyte A. altissima populations was monitored in the immediate vicinity (1 km) of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra in southwestern Slovakia in 2022. We recorded habitat type, GPS coordinates in the centre of the local populations, area of population (m2), average tree height (m), and management measures. The species colonized an area of 1,997 m2. The plant spread mainly in the habitat of extensively cultivated fields such as front gardens of buildings (31%) and in abandoned and unused areas (the species occupied 28% of the total area). We recorded a lower occurrence in the botanical garden (18%), next to the anti-flood dam (16%), along roads (4%) and in the orchard (3%). Approximately 15% (28 shoots) of the total number of 183 shoots were female plants that formed a high number of seeds. There was a high correlation between the area occupied by A. altissima with its above-ground organs and the average plant height (m) (r = 0.88).
Ptačí diverzita v historickém zámeckém parku – implikace pro ochranu biodiverzity v hospodářských lesích
ZLV, 69, 2024, Číslo 3Ivo Machar: Ptačí diverzita v historickém zámeckém parku – implikace pro ochranu biodiverzity v hospodářských lesích
[Bird diversity in a historic manor park – implications for biodiversity conservation in managed forests] 206-215
[Bird diversity in a historic manor park – implications for biodiversity conservation in managed forests] 206-215
Abstrakt
Long-term trends of abundance and diversity of forest birds have been very stable over past decades in European managed forests. It can be caused by high heterogeneity on habitat scale. In European cultural landscapes, there is another habitat very similar to managed forests, and that is a historic manor park. The parks can even show higher bird diversity than managed forests. However, there is an evident knowledge gap related to long-term changes of bird abundance and diversity in the habitats of manor parks. In this study we observed long-term changes of bird community in the historic manor park Čechy pod Kosířem (Czech Republic) using comparison of bird territory mapping in 2022–2023 with older bird studies in this locality. We gained an overview of bird community changes in the manor park for the period of 1997–2023. Results show that the bird community in historic manor park was remarkably unvarying in abundance and diversity. Historic manor parks can be considered as important refuges for forest bird diversity in cultural landscapes. We discuss the research implications for conserving bird diversity in managed forests especially in connection with large old trees preservation providing heterogeneity of nest habitats.
Indiferentní reakce sazenic borovice lesní a buku lesního ošetřených hydroabsorbenty
ZLV, 69, 2024, Číslo 3Jan Bartoš, Jan Leugner, Dušan Kacálek, Ondřej Špulák, Jana Hacurová: Indiferentní reakce sazenic borovice lesní a buku lesního ošetřených hydroabsorbenty
[Indifferent response of Scots pine and European beech seedlings treated with super-absorbents] 216-226
[Indifferent response of Scots pine and European beech seedlings treated with super-absorbents] 216-226
Abstrakt
Super-absorbents are expected to amend soils as they are capable of retaining water, which turns dry loose powdery substances (also capsule) into hydrogel. These were applied to prevent an artificial regeneration failure due to drought events. Four commercially-available products were mixed with soil from planting holes (the capsule was put to the soil) in order to support bare-root Scots pine and European beech seedlings after a spring planting on eleven clear-cut sites in 2020–2021. The plantations were designed as rows with 4 × 150 plants treated with four hydrogels plus 150 plants without hydrogel as a control. The performance evaluation of new plantations was based on attributes such as mortality/survival and relative height and root-collar diameter increments. The plants, which lost their initial size, due to pine weevil damage, dry tops and damage by game, were excluded from the evaluation. Besides the plant response to the applied super-absorbents, the planting operations were evaluated from economic point of view. The 2020 plantations showed higher mortality than 2021 ones; both years showed an excessive loss. The hydrogels did not help the plants to survive better compared to control and growth data also showed ambiguous results. Therefore, from commercial perspective, the application of all tested super-absorbents just increased the renewal costs.
Genetická charakterizace tisu červeného (Taxus baccata L.) v širší oblasti Podyjí/Thayatal a na Svitavsku s vazbou na ochranářský management
ZLV, 69, 2024, Číslo 3Petr Novotný, Martina Komárková, Helena Cvrčková, Jaroslav Dostál, Pavlína Máchová, Jaroslav Ponikelský: Genetická charakterizace tisu červeného (Taxus baccata L.) v širší oblasti Podyjí/Thayatal a na Svitavsku s vazbou na ochranářský management
[Genetic characterization of common yew (Taxus baccata L.) In wider area of the Podyjí/Thayatal and in the Svitavy region with a link to conservation management] 227-238
[Genetic characterization of common yew (Taxus baccata L.) In wider area of the Podyjí/Thayatal and in the Svitavy region with a link to conservation management] 227-238
Abstrakt
The aim of the work is to determine the genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and genetic structure of subpopulations of the specially protected common yew in the area of South Moravian Podyjí (Czech Republic), Thayatal (Austria) and in the Svitavy region (Czech Republic) using DNA analyses (nSSR-nuclear Simple Sequence Repeats). The subjects of the analyses were yews of 1) natural occurrences in the territory of the Podyjí National Park (NP), 2) cultural origin in the Podyjí NP, 3) natural occurrences in the Thayatal NP (Austria), 4) natural occurrences outside the Podyjí NP, and 5) cultural origin in the Podyjí region outside the NP. For the comparison and better interpretation of results there also were analysed geographically more distant subpopulations, 6) natural occurrences in the Hřebečský ridge (NW Moravia), 7) cultural yew occurrences in the Svitavy region (NE Bohemia & NW Moravia), 8) natural occurrences in the Jílovské yews (N Bohemia), and 9) natural occurrences in the Moravian Karst (S Moravia). We observed higher level of genetic diversity (Ho = 0.54; He = 0.77), the FST with ENA correction ranged from 0.007 to 0.123. According to a STRUCTURE analysis, high genetic similarity was observed between samples from the Podyjí NP and Hřebečský ridge. The impact of the analysis results on the conservation management of tested populations was outlined.
Spor Lesů České republiky, s. p., se správními orgány o včasnou reakci na kůrovcovou kalamitu
ZLV, 69, 2024, Číslo 3Martin Cempírek, Petra Hlaváčková, David Březina: Spor Lesů České republiky, s. p., se správními orgány o včasnou reakci na kůrovcovou kalamitu
[Dispute between the Forests of the Czech Republic Enterprise and the administrative authorities over the timely response to the bark beetle calamity] 239-243
[Dispute between the Forests of the Czech Republic Enterprise and the administrative authorities over the timely response to the bark beetle calamity] 239-243
Abstrakt
The bark beetle calamity that hit the Czech Republic has been reflected, among other things, in the approach of administrative authorities and courts reviewing administrative acts. The article is an expert report that provides information on the judgment of the Municipal Court in Prague, which reflects the current approach of the courts to the assessment of offences consisting in neglect of forest care during the bark beetle calamity. The example of the state entity shows how this entity uses technical and professional security in the case of forest care during a bark beetle calamity. By analyzing the court decision, it was concluded that it is necessary to strictly comply with the obligations of the forest manager or owner to ensure forest protection against bark beetle calamity, but it should not become a precedent against small owners who do not have the personnel and technical capabilities of large forestry companies. According to the conclusions, it is evident that the court decision imposes high requirements on the forest owner, which the small owner is not able to meet. The article invites a discussion on whether the state should take a more active role in measures against bark beetle calamities.
Obsah/Content: ZLV 2/2024
ZLV, 69, 2024, Číslo 2: Obsah/Content: ZLV 2/2024
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